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update docker readme

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Roger Rutishauser 2025-04-22 15:14:29 +02:00
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@ -68,57 +68,117 @@ Docker provides volumes for persistent storage, ensuring data remains even if a
### Container Orchestration: ### Container Orchestration:
Tools like Docker Compose and Kubernetes are used to manage and scale multiple containers in production environments. Tools like Docker Compose and Kubernetes are used to manage and scale multiple containers in production environments.
## Workflow example ## Workflow example
1. Write a Dockerfile to package the application. 1. Write a __Dockerfile__ to __package the application__.
2. Build the Docker image using docker build. 2. Build the Docker __image__ using __docker build__.
3. Run the image as a container using docker run. 3. Run the image as a __container__ using __docker run__.
4. Use Docker Compose to manage multiple containers for a complete application (e.g., web server + database). 4. Use __Docker Compose__ to manage __multiple containers__ for a complete application (e.g., web server + database).
# Docker Image # Docker Image
Docker images are the building blocks for containers. An image is a static snapshot of an environment that contains all necessary dependencies for an application. Docker images are the building blocks for containers. An image is a static snapshot of an environment that contains all necessary dependencies for an application.
Images are created using a `Dockerfile` and can be stored and shared via a Docker registry like Docker Hub.
__Images can either be built, or existing images can be pulled from a registry.__
## Docker Registry
## Dockerfile By default, Docker __pulls__ images from __Docker Hub__, the default public registry for Docker images. \
For example `image: 'jc21/nginx-proxy-manager:latest'` Docker will search for the image `jc21/nginx-proxy-manager` on Docker Hub and pull the latest tag (or version).
`Dockerifle` ist eine einfache Textdatei, mit der man eigene Images bauen kann. Sie basieren immer auf einem bestehenden base Image (z.B. nginx:latest). Mit `docker build` wird das image erstellt, bevor man es mit `docker run` starten kann. If the image is hosted on a different container registry (e.g., Amazon Elastic Container Registry, Google Container Registry, or a private registry), you must provide the __full registry URL__ as a prefix, like e.g. `image: 'myregistry.example.com/myimage:latest'`. Docker will pull the image from `myregistry.example.com`.
Before attempting to download the image, Docker checks if the image already exists locally in the __cache__. If found, it uses the local copy.
If the registry requires __authentication__, you must log in using `docker login <registry_url>` or configure credentials in the Docker Compose file.
## Building Image
Im Ordner wo das Dockerfile liegt, ausführen: `docker build -t node-app:1.0 .`, wobei `node-app` ein x-beliebiger Name ist für das image, und anschl. die Version. Dann starten mit `docker run -d -p 80:3000 node-app:1.0` wenn man es auf Port 80 von aussen laufen lassen will.
Dockerfile Doku unter https://docs.docker.com/reference/builder
## Docker Hub
hier gibt es vorgefertigte Images.
``` ```
$ docker login docker login
$ docker pull docker pull
etc. etc.
``` ```
## Own App: Dockerfile
## Commands `Dockerfile` ist eine einfache Textdatei, mit der man eigene Images bauen kann. Sie basieren immer auf einem bestehenden base Image (z.B. `nginx:latest` oder `node:16.13.0-alpine`). Mit `docker build` wird das image erstellt, bevor man es mit `docker run` starten kann.
### Anzeigen aller Images Dockerfile documentation: https://docs.docker.com/reference/builder
## Build Docker image
Im Ordner wo das Dockerfile liegt, ausführen:
``` ```
sudo docker images docker build .
```
Um dem Image einen Namen und einen Tag zu geben (1.0 ist im folgenden Beispiel der Tag)
```
docker build -t node-app:1.0 .
```
## Run docker image
Image, which was either pulled from a registry or was built on the system, can be run with:
```
docker run -d -p 3000:80 -e FOO='bar' -FOO2='bar2' --name myApp node-app:1.0
```
- `-d` Optional. For detached mode (run in background)
- `-p 3000:80` Optional. Traffic on port 3000, and port 80 inside the container.
- `-e` Optional. Environment Parameter, that will be passed on to the container
- `--name` Optional. Name for container.
- `--restart` Optional. Restart policy. `no`, `on-failure:5`, `always`
- `node-app:1.0` image/tag to be started.
## Show all docker images
```
docker images
docker image ls # alternativ
```
Example:
```
rogrut@zidbacons02:/$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker dind 0f7ea23310b3 3 weeks ago 397MB
docker <none> 7a9eec921ea3 2 months ago 378MB
cr.gitlab.uzh.ch/dba/digicert/export-digicert/main e9af5b08 95248f27c850 2 months ago 261MB
caddy latest 1b7d0a82297a 3 months ago 48.5MB
alpine <none> b0c9d60fc5e3 3 months ago 7.83MB
curlimages/curl latest 7551dbeefe0d 4 months ago 21.8MB
```
## Delete Docker image
```
docker rmi <REPOSITORY:TAG>
docker rmi ubuntu:2010
```
## Add Tag to Docker image
The following will clone the image with a new tag, but has the same IMAGE ID.
```
docker tag <REPOSITORY>:<TAG> <REPOSITORY>:<new tag, e.g. 1.0 instead of latest>
```
## Push Docker image to repository
the following will clone an image and add a tag that can be used to push to a repository. It will then push it to the repo.
```
docker tag myApp:latest myApp:latest repository-example.com/rogerrutishauser/myApp:latest
docker login
docker push
``` ```
@ -127,8 +187,7 @@ sudo docker images
Ein Container ist ein Image, welches gerade ausgeführt wird. Wenn ein Image mit `docker run nginx` ausgeführt wird, spricht man von einem Container. Es ist vergleichbar mit einem Prozess. Container wird auf Basis eines Ausgangs-Images gestartet. Ein Container ist ein Image, welches gerade ausgeführt wird. Wenn ein Image mit `docker run nginx` ausgeführt wird, spricht man von einem Container. Es ist vergleichbar mit einem Prozess. Container wird auf Basis eines Ausgangs-Images gestartet.
## Share data
## Daten Teilen
### 1. Möglichkeit: Verzeichnisse mappen (Host-Verzeichnis im Container mappen) ### 1. Möglichkeit: Verzeichnisse mappen (Host-Verzeichnis im Container mappen)
@ -218,18 +277,20 @@ $ docker run -it -P --link mongodb:mongo ubuntu:20.04 /bin/bash
## Commands ## Container Commands
### Anzeigen aller Container ### Anzeigen aller Container
``` ```
sudo docker ps -a docker ps -a
docker container ls -a # alternativ
``` ```
Nur laufende: Nur laufende:
``` ```
sudo docker ps docker ps
docker container ls # alternativ
``` ```
### Ausgabe eines Containers anzeigen ### Ausgabe eines Containers anzeigen
@ -247,14 +308,21 @@ journalctl -xu docker.service
### Container starten ### Container starten
``` ```
docker run --name Test_run ubuntu:20.04 docker run -d -p 3000:80 -e --name <beliebiger_containername> <IMAGE ID>
``` ```
### Container stoppen / neu starten ### Container stoppen / neu starten
``` ```
docker stop docker stop <containername>
docker restart docker restart <containername>
```
### Container (schneller) stoppen und löschen
```
docker kill <containername>
docker rm <containername>
``` ```
### Befehl in Docker Container ausführen ### Befehl in Docker Container ausführen
@ -351,29 +419,25 @@ docker-compose --version
## Image Location ## Image Location
Example:
``` ```
services: services:
nproxy-app: nproxy-app:
image: 'jc21/nginx-proxy-manager:latest' image: 'jc21/nginx-proxy-manager:latest'
build: .
``` ```
### Docker Hub: ### Registry
By default, Docker pulls images from Docker Hub, the default public registry for Docker images.
In the example `image: 'jc21/nginx-proxy-manager:latest'` Docker will search for the image jc21/nginx-proxy-manager on Docker Hub and pull the latest tag (or version). In docker compose, use `image` to use an existing image from the registry.
### Other Registries: ```
services:
If the image is hosted on a different container registry (e.g., Amazon Elastic Container Registry, Google Container Registry, or a private registry), you must provide the full registry URL as a prefix, like e.g. `image: 'myregistry.example.com/myimage:latest'`. Docker will pull the image from myregistry.example.com. redis:
image: redis:latest
### local cache ```
Before attempting to download the image, Docker checks if the image already exists locally. If found, it uses the local copy.
### Authentication
If the registry requires authentication, you must log in using `docker login <registry_url>` or configure credentials in the Docker Compose file.
### Local Image ### Local Image
@ -411,10 +475,12 @@ services:
redis: redis:
image: redis:latest image: redis:latest
webapp:
build: .
image: registry.cs.zi.uzh.ch/zi-adb-dba/export-digicert-report:latest
``` ```
## Docker Volumes ## Docker Volumes
There are three volume types: There are three volume types:
@ -457,7 +523,11 @@ volumes:
o: addr=remote-hostname.com,username=user,password=mysuperpassword,nodev,noexec,nosuid,vers=2.1,uid=1000,gid=1000 o: addr=remote-hostname.com,username=user,password=mysuperpassword,nodev,noexec,nosuid,vers=2.1,uid=1000,gid=1000
``` ```
### Show docker volumes
```
docker volume ls
```
## Commands ## Commands
@ -473,4 +543,15 @@ Ins Verzeichnis gehen wo docker-compose.yml liegt, und dann `docker-compose star
### Events ### Events
`docker compose events` `docker compose events`
# Allgemeinte Commands
## Aufräumen
Löscht alle Images, Volumes, Netzwerke, die nicht mit mind. 1 Container verbunden sind, sowie den Build Cache.
```
docker system prune --all --volumes
```